Hackers and the Evolution of Intellectual Property Rights...

Hackers and the Evolution of Intellectual Property Rights Introduction According to Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary, theft is, The act of stealing; specifically, the felonious taking and removing of personal property, with an intent to deprive the rightful owner of the same (Websters 2). Before the advent of moveable type, no one had cause to apply this concept to information rather than physical property. If one were to steal a book, the act was easily recognized as of the same moral color as stealing a horse, a nugget of gold, or any other physical object. The thief?s possession of the stolen item constituted the rightful owner?s lack of it, a loss both real and measurable. Today, theft seems a hazier concept,†¦show more content†¦property, who are guilty of printing, publishing, importing, or vending with? license, ?copies of [a] book (Fisher 2). The final years of the nineteenth century saw a move from this formulation of copyright to a broader one. The later definition of copyright included not only the protected work in its published form, but also in its substance, therefore magnifying the control afforded to the copyright holder. Copyright laws were extended to include photographs in 1884, and musical recordings in 1971 (Fisher 2). Since their American inception, copyrights have grown too with regards to the window of protection afforded the author. Instead of the original fourteen years, copyrights today now endure longer than the author of the works they protect. A copyright issued now lasts for the life of the author, and then another fifty years (Fisher 2). Patents, like copyrights, were first codified by the United States federal government in 1790 (Dobyns 21). James Madison advocated their implementation on the grounds that they would promote, ?the advancement of useful knowledge and discoveries? (Dobyns 18). Patent protection was later extended to many previously unrecognized classes of invention, including industrial designs (1842), plants (1930, 1970), surgical procedures (1950s), and computer software (1981) (Fisher 3). One notable eighteenth century abstainer from patent privileges was Benjamin Franklin. His inventions included bifocals, the FranklinShow MoreRelatedThe 2009 Intrusion on Googles Network3240 Words   |  13 PagesIntrusion on Googles Network Technology is consistently evolving. With this evolution comes great new innovation that empowers users all around the globe. However, it also brings completely new and ever-dangerous threats. In 2009, Google found that technology had brought such threats right into its networks. The company was one of many that were targeted by a very highly sophisticated attack to steal intellectual property undetected, rather than to just interrupt service or destroy data. Google hadRead MoreSoftware Piracy And Its Effect Piracy On The End User And Businesses1608 Words   |  7 Pagesend counterfeit material is referred to as a â€Å"pirate copy†. 1.3 Online software piracy Online software piracy is constantly evolving. This evolution is coupled by many challenges – Mainly the financial impact is has the developers of software such as Adobe. It exposes users to a host of unacceptable risks, and ultimately threatens intellectual property rights. This undermines an entire industry and threatens the global economy. As Internet access continues to grow, both the opportunities and challengesRead MoreNaval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division ( Nswc Pcd )1633 Words   |  7 Pagesauthority and pass down decisions to the technical departments. Their concerns and input would be taken in as would all requirements gathered on the topic to allow the command to make an informed and less influenced by money decision. 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Never before in the history of modern society has there been such a strong emphasis on capturing, analyzing, categorizing and using personal data that had been highly protected in the past for purposes of securing nations (Ottensmeyer, Heroux, 1991)Read MoreIntellectual Property : The Intellectual Properties Means2526 Words   |  11 Pages1) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: The intellectual properties means, A work which was created by the person with his Idea and Plan. The copyright law comes into picture immediately when the work was created and author will become the owner as soon as the copyright was created. He will have full rights on the work, and he can sell that work for others. 10 Examples of violating Intellectual Property rights of others: A) Piracy: The most common violation of IP is making piracy of movies, music and videosRead MoreSome of My Note for Ict Exam(Spm)1951 Words   |  8 Pagestechnology required for information processing. * The use of electronic computers, communication devices and software applications to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime. Describe the brief evolution of computers. * First Generation (1940-1956) ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) build by Presper Eckert and Willian Mauchly that use vacuum tube instead of MARK 1 that use mechanical switches. * Second Generation (1956-1963)Read MoreSoftware Development Strategies For Successful Program Development2664 Words   |  11 Pagesdesigned and implemented to meet the specifications required for product integrity. Third, the methodology must be verified during the process to make sure it meets customer demands for success. Finally, the methodology must provide for the possible evolution of the software, which is especially important given the dynamic nature of the business environment discuss above. Without all four of these activities provided by the methodology used for software development, it is unlikely the project can be successfulRead MoreHow Cybercrime Has Become An Important Concern For The Success Of International Businesses2315 Words   |  10 Pagesway, laundering money through internet, and the use of internet to coordinates with terrorist attacks, etc. (Taylor, Caeti, Loper, Fritsch Liederbach, 2006). â€Å"Not only the government but also media and business industries are fascinated by the evolution of the justice system to control the activities of Cyber Crime. It is a challenging job for the society and the government to face the unique challenges of this white color cybercrime.† (Lovet France, 2009). To determine the nature of a cybercrimeRead MoreIs Information And The Cyber Vulnerable World? How Prepared Are We?3167 Words   |  13 Pageslosses caused by security breaches [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. Right from the days of breaking the enigma code to current military spying the technology has proven to be the double-edged sword to handle. To find these threats, threats sources and specific areas of the system that may be affected should be known, so the information security assets can be protected in advance [7] [8]. Even the most technically savvy organizations cannot stop hackers and the risk of poorly implemented IT security controlsRead MoreEssay on Cyber Crime and Cyber Law2728 Words   |  11 Pagesunauthorized way, laundering money through internet, use of internet to coordinates with terrorist attacks, etc. (Taylor, Caeti, Loper, Fritsch Liederbach, 2006). Not only the government but also media and business industries are fascinated by the evolution of the justice system to control the activities of Cyber Crime. It is a challenging job for the society and the government to face the unique challenges of this white color cyber crime (Lovet France, 2009). Nature and Scope of Cyber Crime: By

The Good the Bad the Wto Essay - 1348 Words

The Good, The Bad, The WTO On May 19,1948, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT was created. This was not an international organization but an inter-governmental treaty. This provided the framework for the conduct of international trade. But this expanded and grew yearly and in April 1994, in the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations expanded on the GATT and created the World Trade Organization or WTO. The World Trade Organization was created with a goal and ultimate objective set in mind. Its ultimate goal is to improve the welfare of peoples in the member countries. The objective is to help trade flow smoothly, fairly and predictably. In this paper you will learn what the WTO does, how it does this,†¦show more content†¦Ambassadors or the heads of each countrys delegation in Geneva are on this council. Under this council there are three subsidiary councils, the Council for Trade in Goods, the Council for Trade in Services, and the Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Almost all decisions in the World Trading Organization are made by consensus. Consensus not meaning unanimity. It signifies that no country physically represented in a meeting of the council is decisively against a major issue. Those who are not present or whom abstain from voting do not count. This is for the majority of votes done in the World Trade Organization, rath er than anything not stated to be voted on otherwise. The only thing that unanimity is needed is on amendments relating to general principals such as Most Favored Nation treatment. They also use a three-quarters vote and a two-thirds vote for the issues. The current Director-General is Mike Moore. He is a Former Prime Minister of New Zealand. He is the head of the Secretariat, and in a way, the guardian of the collective interests of the Member States. The Director-General acts more as a broker then a decision-maker though. The result of all this is assurance. Producers and consumers know that they have a greater choice of finished products, components, raw materials and services that they use and that foreign markets will remain open to them. Not everyone is happy with the performance of theShow MoreRelatedThe And The Corporate Sector1484 Words   |  6 Pagesthink of doing for the greater good of society and care only and only for their own profit maximization. This may be true in many cases like we hear about Gap’s factory working conditions in Bangladesh, Apple in China and so on. However this may not mean that every corporation is bad and that we should keep bashing the whole corporate sector for this. We have to admit that there is a problem with the declining quality of the environment and the problem with the bad working conditions of outsourcedRead MoreWTO Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesWTO What is the WTO and what exactly do they do? This is the question that I was hoping to answer in this paper. In a world of turbulent econmic conditions it is important to no which organizations are responsible for what changes take place. There are many different organizations that affect many different things in our society and the global society and the WTO is one of them. The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nationsRead MoreRole of World Trade Organization (Wto) in Facilitating International Trade1643 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT World Trade Organization (WTO) is an organization for liberalizing trade. It’s a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements. It’s a place for them to settle trade disputes. It operates a system of trade rules. The WTO began life on 1 January 1995 and has 153 members, representing more than 97% of the worlds population,  and 30 observers, most seeking membership. The role of WTO in facilitating International Trade is giving the consumers more choice and a broader range of qualitiesRead MoreGlobalization And The Participation Of The World Trade Organization949 Words   |  4 Pagesin chapter 3 he discusses globalization and the participation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The way Singer describes the claims against the WTO I found to be quite interesting because of the way he wrote it. He talked about the claim, then facts to back up the claim, and then he talked about why the claims were wrong based on facts that proved the claims were right. He discusses how the WTO is damaging the environment, isn’t democratic, is removing people’s sovereignty, and how it doesRead MoreEssay on Impacts of WTO on Trading Countries1279 Words   |  6 Pages Impacts of WTO on Trading Countries nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;International trading has had its delays and road blocks, which has created a number of problems for countries around the world. Countries, fighting with one another to get the better deal, create tariffs and taxes to maximize their profit. This fighting leads to bad relationships with competing countries, and the little producing countries get the short end of this stick. Regulations and organizations have been established to helpRead MoreEssay on Mgt 2151220 Words   |  5 PagesWorld Trade Organization (WTO)? Do you see it as primarily good or bad for the U.S? The role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is to oversee trade agreements including a wide range of goods and services trade and supervises all government practices that are directly related to trade, such as tariffs, subsidies, government procurement, and trade-related intellectual property rights (wto.org, 2011). Here are some reasons why the WTO isn’t good for the USA. The WTO acts as the legislature, theRead MoreInternational And World Trade Law1139 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss the legal and ethical issues related to boycotting goods from other countries, as well as the practical business implications of such a move. Next, this paper will analyze the problem of World Trade Organization (WTO) participant nations and their ability to address the problems of counterfeiting. Finally, it will discuss the type of action the United Nations might take with regard to the counterfeiting issue. Boycotting Goods from Other Countries To discuss the legal and ethical issuesRead MoreBattle in Seattle1046 Words   |  5 Pagesto see rather than what really happened. Violence and sex sell so that’s often what they tell. Hollywood can take a real life event such as the protest in Seattle against the WTO and turn it into a completely different story to make it sell. The movie Battle in Seattle is meant to be a story about the protests against the WTO but it doesn’t exactly tell the truth of how the protest actually happened, yes it does follow the story correctly but it is enhanced to make it more seem more appealing to theRead MoreGlobalization: A Free Trade Phenomenon Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesUruguay Round in 1994, the member states of the GATT established the World Trade Organization. The WTO is governed by the rules of the GATT, however, the decisions it makes are binding, and member states are required to abide by its resolutions. Since its beginnings, the WTO has overseen international trade and has stimulated freer international trade across the globe. In addition, the establishment of the WTO has led to the formation of various other free trade areas across the globe. However, there areRead MoreNafta Vs Wto757 Words   |  4 PagesIn the mid- the 1990s, two Free Trade Agreement bring the fundamental changes to the United States foreign trade, these two Agreements are NAFTA and WTO. It changed the life of middle class and the way the big business operates. Big business began outsourcing jobs, trying to save money by paying foreign workers to lower wages than American workers. That directly led to the decline of the major industrial cities like Detroit and Flint in Michigan. Thousands of workers of Car Company lost their jobs

Commercial and Corporation Law Law and Government Update

Question: Describe about the Commercial and Corporation Law for Law and Government Update. Answer: Section 198 A: The section is a big boost to the entrepreneurs in Australia. The section has offered significant power to the board to deal with any matter connecting to the operation of the company. This power is exclusive, and known as delegator power of the board. The board according to their role can issue shares and debentures and if required can seek financing from banks or any other financial institution unless the constitution of the company provide otherwise. As far as historical back ground of the Section 198A of Australian Corporation Act, 2001 is concerned, it was introduced in the Australian parliament as a supplementary version of Replaceable Rule through section 135 which also allocates directors to continue business without any interruption(Legislation, 2001). The back ground behind the section clearly indicates the lawmakers intention to provide significant power to the board to deal with matters related to the company. The interventions of the shareholders are being limited to the constitution power. Here constitution is referred as MOA and AOA of the company. The parliamentary affairs related to discussion on the section started back in 1998 and later on after much deliberation it was enacted on July 1, 1998. In reference of section 135, the board was given the power based on concept of Replaceable Rule ratified by the constitution of the company. The target is to ensure that company operates smoothly and manages the day to day operation of the company (Austlii, 2016). Section 191: The disclosure of the directors interest is mandatory under this section of Corporations Act, 2001. The section was mainly influenced by the UK Companies Act. The relevance of the section was better understood at the later stage after enactment of Sarbanes Oxley Act, 2002 widely known as SOX Act. The material interest of the directors in the company or in the business deals is to be disclosed. If interested directors are allowed to participate in the discussion regarding a business where one or more interested director is present and voting it may jeopardize the interest of the company. Therefore the disclosure of the interest would help other directors to study the business deal more properly where the interested director is not allowed to vote(Dawson, 2009). The materials interest of the directors is to be notified to the board where any decision regarding would be taken. After several amendments this current section has been able to rightly ask for the disclosures of the directors. This section has however given an exception to one director companies. The back ground of the section is to ensure that any particular undisclosed interest can jeopardize company financial and also the image. Therefore disclosure of the fact has been made relevant. The material interest of the should be informed to the existing board and the notification is to be placed before the meeting of directors wile delegating on the subject regarding which disclosure is being made (SEC, 2016). Section 250R (2) and (3): The target of most of the acts is to ensure that all of the information comes to public domain. The remuneration of the directors is generally fixed at the remuneration committees of the company. The role of the remuneration committee is already clarified in stock exchange listing rules. Despite that the section holds its ground on the fact that every shareholder should be aware of the remuneration of key managerial personnel. If the shareholders are not satisfied they can put a negative vote against the resolution or opt to leave the company as shareholders(ASX, 2016). The target of the section is to create awareness among the shareholders. The AGM notification will ensure that most made of the members would become aware of such remuneration being offered to the directors or to KMPs. This will allow shareholders to assess the financials of the company in a proper manner. The intimation to the shareholders should be a continuous process for the directors which will let them to be informed. The target of the section is to ensure transparency in the affairs of the company and also it does not bind the directors to follow the voting in case of negative vote. The AGM notice shall mandatorily include notice regarding remuneration of the directors according to section 250R (2) (3) of Corporations Act, 2001. This has been the idea of lawmakers behind this section (Austlii, 2016). References: ASX, 2016. Annual General Meeting. [Online] Available at: https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20160418/pdf/436kwng9dkn2sf.pdf [Accessed 13 September 2016]. Austlii, 2016. CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 198A. [Online] www.austlii.edu.au Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s198a.html [Accessed 10 September 2016]. Austlii, 2016. CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 250R. [Online] www.austlii.edu.au Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s250r.html [Accessed 10 September 2016]. Dawson, B., 2009. Company Law and Governance Update. [Online] Available at: https://www.ashurst.com/doc.aspx?id_Content=7608 [Accessed 13 September 2016]. Legislation, 2001. Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00003 [Accessed 09 September 2016]. SEC, 2016. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. [Online] www.sec.gov Available at: https://www.sec.gov/about/laws/soa2002.pdf [Accessed 10 September 2016].

Subway Marketing Strategy

Introduction Subway is a leading world fresh-made sandwich provider with 33318 restaurants, distributed in 92 countries. Other than itself operating from a central point, it franchises its name. The restaurant was established in 1965 by Fred DeLuca and Dr. Peter Buck (Subway publication, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Subway Marketing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first restaurant was established in Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States of America. It is known for its fresh quality fast food. This paper analyses the strategy on how I would further update the Subway product line and advertising campaign in light of current macro trends. Mission Statement The mission statement of the company, which doubles as its goals statement states that â€Å"Our goal is to be ranked the number one Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) worldwide while maintaining the great-tasting freshness of our products t hat is our trademark†. This is the statement that the company has worked with all along and has led to its strong brand name that facilitated its entry in the franchising business (Dennis, 2004). Since its incorporation, it has been involved in numerous social responsibilities and all along whether it’s a franchisee or not, it’s guided by the passion to delight customers by serving fresh, delicious, made-to-order sandwiches, as was the dream by its incorporators. S.W.O.T. Analysis Table Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat Legal and regulatory Australian trade laws are simplified that they offer good business environment. Australia has numerous tax that a business need to administer. Abiding to the regulations Australian has a growing number of youth, both from foreigners and locals. according to Australian bureau of Statistics, 2010 it stands at 22,431,468 Caution from the regulations Global Australia has a good reputation with other countries and thus e ither the franchised or home country stands to benefit. There is a culture that supports the eating at fast food joints. Due to the felt loss out of the diseases out of junk foods they might have reduced business Growing and strengthening of globalisation. New cost effective methods that may make similar products cheap. Economic It is unpredictable and thus a negative change can harm the organization Subway pays high Salaries to their staff. On the other hand their job is labour intensive and thus cost of employees high. The world economy is not predictable and thus Australia may face a downward fall on its economic positioning. It can change to the loss of the company Economic Downturn Technological Subway has adopted new technology in product line and support departments to ensure that they effectively manage their business. Staff shortages and in competency the system adopted by Subway are costly to buy and maintain. Advertisement in Australia has taken a new face of electron ic advertising. Subway has embraced technology in its advertising Can offer room for cheaper ways of advertisements In subways there is need to upgrade the staffs regularly sometimes there is a Shortage of Staff Innovation More and more ways of doing things are invented More dangerous foods can be developed Ongoing Changes Limited Funding Social Low Costs attract more Lack of personalized services Increased health concerns Varied interests in clients Environmental Australian environment has been polluted, thus can be a source of inefficiency in the business. Subway has regulations set by government in its effort to conserve environment. There are numerous campaigns to cure the dangers in the environment It can continue to affect the population negatively It has been depleted but there are campaigns to change the trend. Competitive Subway has a strong brand name and has mastered the production methods that it can effectively produce. The companyNon Profit Objectives That comp anies will produce harming goods Large and well established competitors Structure Simple structure Inexperience Flexibility of structure Funding regulations Processes and Systems Simple to adjust and learn They may be the platform to better ones Clients are aged and financially challenged Consistency is what will be most important Resources Subway has a good management of the available and also the population is willing to help Limited Funding Can be scarce or we lack support Constant Changes Goals Mission is achievable Not very clear Can be high jacked by profit making goals Following our objectives to the dot Strategic Capabilities Funding will allow expansion Strategies not competitive Increased awareness and health concerns Funding regulations Culture Australian has a growing number of youth, both from foreigners and locals. according to Australian bureau of Statistics, 2010 it stands at 22,431,468 Not competitive Australian Culture is Unique and attracts more client s External influences from funding organizations Leadership Subway has a good management for the central organisation franchised companies. Lack of experience and same Ideas in marketin. Funding regulations (Esquerre, 2005). Target Market The company cannot be said to have a specific class or group of people that it targets in its productions, but basically it aims at the whole family production. There are packages that are said to fit more to the young generation, that is the youth and there are those that are meant for children. There are family packages also. However, it aims at establishing the most dominant population composition so as it can produce goods in that line (Neal and Quester, 2006). Products are divided into different sizes to cater for the economic welfare of the people thus the well to do and the less fortunate in the society are accommodated.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 1 5% OFF Learn More Macro-environmental Analysis The Economic and Political Environment Of late the world is in a recession period from the world economic crisis that hit at the end of year 2007. This has affected businesses in one way or the other and fast food business is not an exemption. Consumer’s disposable income has drastically reduced. On the other hand, marketing and advertising methods and tools have taken another angle. This is where internet advertising has taken centre stage in almost at least 42% of world’s advertising (Trading Economics, 2010). More and more fast foods are increasingly being established that offer a different set of products. What has become important is to look for mechanisms to ensure that the company remains competitive. Various mechanisms have been employed to sustain itself in the market, they include, cost reduction mechanism, ensuring that customers are satisfied through offering quality and fresh foods always and establis hing its branches in good locations. Trading Economics. (2010). Available from https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdp-growth The Technological Environment The cost of advertising versus the population reached has reduced with the adoption of internet and social marketing/ advertising. The company is in face book and other social network tools. According to Interactive Advertising Bureau [IAMB] 2009, the revenue from internet advertisement rose to $23.4 Billion in 2008, 10.43% increase from the previous year’s record of $21.2 Billion (Advertising Association, 2010). The advertising and marketing online gives an interactive environment such that the target customer can be able to communicate with the website. This gives the user the advantage of airing his or her views. This was never possible in the old marketing and advertising models. The population in the world today, has a majority which is enlightened and knows its rights. In the exercise of these rights, these peopl e need an environment that does not dictate on what they are supposed to do, the way the traditional marketing and advertisement seemed to do (Web Ad.vantage, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Subway Marketing Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Australia Online Ad Spending by Industry Industry Estimated Spending Share of Spending Financial Services $230,449,300 28.8% Web Media $145,186,800 18.2% Retail Goods Services $121,089,600 15.1% Telecommunications $ 56,400,700 7.1% Consumer Goods $ 43,508,300 5.4% Hardware Electronics $ 32,655,400 4.1% Travel $ 29,758,800 3.7% Public Services $ 28,770,800 3.6% Automotive $ 27,182,600 3.4% Health $ 25,485,700 3.2% Entertainment $ 24,415,300 3.1% Software $ 20,968,500 2.6% Business to Business $ 13,423,900 1.7% Web Advantage. (2010). Available from http://www.webadvantage.net/ The Social and Cultural Environment According to United Nations, 1998 the world is continuously facing an increased population. The numbers of youth and young families, who are continuously adopting modern lifestyle, are on the rise. As a result there is increased demand for junk foods. The company is also reaping the benefits of a strong brand name. A strong brand name assists a company to self market and advertises itself. Australian population is also in the rise, according to Australian bureau of Statistics, 2010 it stands at 22,431,468. The population is mostly concentrated among the young; these are people who are below the age of fifty years. The following population structure portrays this fact; Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010). Available from https://www.abs.gov.au/ Social Trends/ Improved Living Standards In this era of industrialization and computers, the living standard of people is on an upward rise. People are adopting modern methods of lifestyle to a point that they are creating recreational time. In these recreations, the foods relied upon are snacks and junk food like those produced by subway.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has led to an increase in sales. In Australia, health issues are catered for by various programs by the government and thus the general population is healthy without having to spend ones savings. This leads to more disposable income that leads to improved business. Competitive Landscape General Strategies The food industry is one of the fast growing industries in Australia; there are numerous fast foods and hotels that compete for growing population. Fast foods generally sell the following products Hamburgers, Pizza, Other goods, Chicken, Sandwiches, rolls, baguettes, focaccias, Salad and juice bars, Fish and chips, Pies and pasties.. Some fast foods have a strong brand name and are well established they include MacDonald, and Hungry Jack’s. However to curb competition from these established then the following can be done: Strategy Action Who When Benchmark with other dealers with the best business practices Identify benchmarking needs and approaches with other deal ers this is in both original businesses and the franchisee. There is a tendency that franchised people may compromise quality and thus this should be looked into by setting standards (Anctil, 2008). Marketing Executive 1stQtr Segment and target profitable and niche Markets Develop policy guidelines on profitable segments to; Give personalized services Recommend special packages and incentives Enforce implementation of the policy Marketing Executive 1stQtr Introduce Customer Service Develop Customer Service System Marketing Executive 1st – 2nd Qtr Ensure effective implementation of the Customer Service System Marketing Executive 1st – 3rd Qtr Recommend a reward scheme for customer service staff Marketing Executive 1st – 2nd Qtr Marketing Executive 1st – 2nd Qtr Product Strategies Strategy Action Who When Increase the number of products made in the company Develop sales force policies and procedures. Implement and enforce the policies and procedures Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Improve the current conditions of all franchised companies Develop a proposal for branding our outlet to communication all over the world. Submit proposal to Chief Sales Marketing Officer and pursue Marketing Executive 1st– 2ndQtr Devise a standard of operation which should be uniform in all companies Raise requisition for purchase of sets and accessories Submit to Finance Executive follow up Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Pricing Strategies Strategy Action Who When Devise means that will enable for a stronger brand name Creating uniformity in the standards and the quality of products produced. They should also be fresh and made in the lowest cost possible (Anon, 2010). Marketing Executive 1stQtr 3rdQtr1st– 4thQtr Embrace research tools to enable the make more informed decisions. The research department should be requirements that all companies regardless of the country that they are operating from should have. Marketing Executive 1st– 2ndQtr Promotion Strategies Strategy Action Who When Effectively communicate through word of mouth and brochures Develop promotional materials and items through Brochures, fliers, give-away, catalogues. Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Personal selling Marketing Executive 1st– 2ndQtr Stimulate service utilization Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Direct mail Cyber-marketing Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Distribution (Place) Strategies Strategy Action Who When Increase product availability and penetration Identify suitable sub-dealers. Marketing Executive 1st– 2ndQtr Effective use of sales force. Marketing Executive 1st– 4thQtr Assessing the Current Position Subway is currently the world largest sandwich company. It has its branches in 92 countries both as franchised names and original company. To att ain this position the company has embarked on policies that ensure that it remain competitive. Some of these ways are ensuring that it has satisfied its customers in all means (Kaplan, 2008). This is by offering quality and fresh food at all time times. Its location’s is another factor that has given the company an upper hand. All franchised companies are supposed to abide to regulations set by the central company. Fast food joints should provide fresh foods at all times to attract more customers. This will make them more competitive (IBIS World, 2010) Current Marketing campaign Today many companies have entered in fast food business; these companies include McDonald and Hungry Jack’s. To curb this competition and remain competitive subway has engaged in aggressive marketing and advertising methods. These methods include; online advertising where the company is on face book, twitter, has a well updated website. A person can assess its menu over the internet as well as a 24hour call centre. To advertise and ensure that customers get the message, the company uses television and video advertising that are put on electronic advertising boards located at different corners in towns. Some of the audio-visual adverts are show people enjoying various brands by the company and states the offer price which may vary by seasons. In print media, other than in the daily papers, the company advertises in magazines and use of brochures. In united States of America, it has offered some of its products like Humbuggers to be used as cover page on food and nutritional magazines. the companies brochures’ are found in supermarkets, cinema halls, some hotels, beaches and along streets. Product line Subway company specialises in making of fast foods, it mainly concentrates with making of Sandwiches, but due to changing population, it has diverted to other products like Pizza, Other goods, Chicken, rolls, baguettes, focaccias, Salad and juice bars, Fish and chips, Pies and pasties. The development is to ensure that it can satisfy its customers and have a competitive edge in the market. At any one time, the company tries to ensure that its products are of high quality and can be spotted among others. It is very concerned about the feeling that a customer derives after visiting it. There is a new product line that the company is trying to adopt, this is in the area of pizza, Chicken, chips and fish. This is an area that it is incorporating in the old line of sandwiches. To venture in this market, the company need to ensure that customers get more satisfied when they take these products from the restaurants. On the other hand to move as a block, all franchised companies should be taught on how to cook these products to the standards required by the company. The following chart shows classified fast food joints in Australia according to the products that it sells; IBIS World. (2010) available from https://www.ibisworld.com.au/ Though a sandwich is not among the leading fast foods products in Australia, it accounts for a good percentage that if well targeted will give enough market share to the company. A sample sandwich by the company looks like; Subway publication (2010). Available from https://www.subway.com/en-us. A franchising company requires its brand name be placed in a visible position by a franchisee (Entrepreneur, 2010). A sample brand name looks like; Entrepreneur (2010). Available from https://www.entrepreneur.com/franchise500 Developing Marketing Capabilities of Updating the Subway Product Line One of the strategies that the company should embrace is diversification. Instead of concentrating in one line of business i.e. sandwiches, it should venture in other areas that can blend with sandwiching (Kuhn, 1998). In striking for the right opportunities, the company will have to analyze its main market rival. The strategies being employed by the competitor should be critically assessed and evaluated for necessary counter action. In addition, the general plan of the competitor in a bid to control the market is a vital toolkit which this company can use to estimate the competitive edge of the market. Similarly, the product being offered to the market at lower price should be investigated to determine its type and nature (Cook, 2008). Why, for instance, is the company lowering the price of this commodity? Do they have access to cheaper raw materials or is it that quality of the product has been compromised and can be offered at a lower price than normal market value? Finally on opportunities, the marketing department will have to investigate the company’s managerial structure both current and in the past and give a detailed finding as well as possible conclusions on the same (Hanssens, Rust Srivastava, 2009). The following is an example of some foods available in the market that the company can adopt; Subway publication (2010). Available from https://www.subway.com/en-us. Conclusion a nd Recommendation Despite that the company is enjoying as the leading sandwich provider, there are other companies that have come up with the aim of entering the same business. To ensure that it maintains its stand, then it has to utilize its available opportunities well. Opportunities for the company are dependent on both the internal and external assessment criteria of its operations profile. Similar to the weaknesses discussed above, the company can still optimize on the various opportunities available to bring about sustainable growth through effective competition. Some of the underlying opportunities for this company in regard to the macro environment are the diversification of its activities. The company may opt to not only run on large scale but also produce variety of products. This concept of variety may be approached from different angles like design and suitability (Paley, 1999). The advertising campaigns should be made to fit the target market. The advertising campaign s hould be tailored to cover the following. The adverts are placed on the most likely places that the target market is likely to be at any one time, for example they are expected to spend on tourist hotels, at the gate of the hotel, a poster should be put that gives a connection of the soft drink and the customer; â€Å"have a world class feeling at Subway†. There are public transporting companies, a contract with them should be put in place so that the company is allowed to paint the cabs with its known color and a persuasive message about the company. The electronic sign boards are other areas of advertising, since they have the advantage of being formatted to bring different issues, the issues to bring are the replays of the last Olympic Games. T-shit advertisement; T-shirts should be produced that pass a message to the consumer that advertises the company. Reference list Advertising Association. (2010). Advertising Industry Statistics Web. Web. Advertising Bureau [IAMB] 200 9. Internet advertising Revenue Report Archive. Web. Available from: https://www.iab.com/. Anctil, E. (2008). Marketing and Advertising the Intangible. ASHE Higher Education Report, 34(2), 31-47. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Anon (April 24, 2010). Buy a franchise: Advantages and disadvantages of franchising. Web. Available from:  https://www.gov.uk/ . Australian Bureau of Statistics.(2010). Australia’s Population Available from  https://www.abs.gov.au/ Cook, S. (2008). Customer Care Excellence: How to Create an Effective Customer Focus. London, Kogan Page Publishers. Dennis, G. (2004-04-25). â€Å"Subway sets out to torpedo McDonald’s†. The Daily Telegraph (London) Web. Available from:  https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2883871/Subway-sets-out-to-torpedo-McDonalds.html . Entrepreneur (2010). Franchise 500 Web. Available from:  https://www.entrepreneur.com/franchise500 . Esquerre, B. (2005). Have You Done Your S.W.O.T.? Today? Fitn ess Business Pro, 21(12), 24. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database Hanssens, D., Rust, R., Srivastava, R. (2009). Marketing Strategy and Wall Street: Nailing Down Marketing’s Impact. Journal of Marketing, 73(6), 115-118. doi:10.1509/jmkg.73.6.115 IBIS World. (15th June 2010). Takeaway Food Retailing in Australia Web. Available from:  https://www.ibisworld.com.au/ . Kaplan, D. (2002). â€Å"Jared’s Back Plugging for Subway,† Adweek Eastern Edition. Kuhn, S. (1998). â€Å"#13 Lucky for Subway Restaurants and Its Customer 7/6 Campaign Proves to Be a Winner,† Total Food Service, February. Neal, C. and Quester, P. (2006). Consumer behaviour: implications for marketing strategy. Australia, McGraw-Hill. Paley, N. (1999). The manager’s guide to competitive marketing strategies. New York, CRC Press. Subway publication (2010). â€Å"Official SUBWAY Restaurants Web Site†. Subway Restaurants Web. Available from: https://www.subway.com/en- us. Trading Economics. (2010). Australia GDP Growth Rate Web. Available from:  https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdpgrowth . United Nations (1998). Australian Bureau of Statistics Web. Available from:  https://www.abs.gov.au/ . Web Ad.vantage. (2010). Web Ad.vantage is an agency solely specializing in online marketing and advertising, and therefore we do it really well Web. Available from:  http://www.webadvantage.net/ . This report on Subway Marketing Strategy was written and submitted by user Paityn Cantu to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Get Into Engineering Schools Like MIT, Caltech, CMU, or RPI With the SAT

Get Into Engineering Schools Like MIT, Caltech, CMU, or RPI With the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Engineering schools don't look for the same things on a college application that the average school does. I would know because I have an engineering background and spent substantial time studying the process of getting into Caltech and MIT, and then I did it. Here, I reveal how they're different. Strong in SAT Math You have to, have to, be strong in math to get into engineering schools. That means that on your SAT, your SAT math section matters the most by far. 800 is ideal, but try to get at least 700 to have a decent shot at admission to top engineering schools. Consider the following: Tim has an 800 in Math and a 550 in Reading. John has a 700 in Math and a 700 in Writing. At a top liberal arts college like Brown, John is the better scorer by far: he has a higher total score, and his score is more well-rounded. But at MIT, it is reversed: Tim has the better shot by far. The difference between a 700 and 800 is quite substantial in the Math section. MIT literally admits the top 0.1% or better of engineering students. Math is the fundamental building block of all engineering. A 700 only puts you in the top 8% of students not impressive at all by comparison. In summary, on the SAT I, you should be getting close to an 800 in the Math section. If you are close to an 800, and feel that you are mainly missing test strategy, then you have a great shot, and ought to prep for math so you can get closer to an 800. If you feel like you are missing fundamental math skills and are far from an 800, then you should look at different engineering schools that are closer to your score range. Show Off Even More Math To be honest, while an 800 in Math on the SAT I is great, for a school like MIT, it's not an automatic shoo-in (some things are; I'll talk about them below). That's because the SAT has a ceiling in math difficulty (usually below Calculus). Thus, if you know everything pre-Calculus by heart, you can get an 800. Students who are good at math want to show off even more skill. This is where the SAT Math IIC comes in the content is more advanced, and you want to do well here too. Finally, take AP math courses whenever possible, and the most difficult ones, to showcase your skills. Did I Mention Math? At this point you might think I'm getting ridiculous, but I'm not. The point to drive home is that they really care about math. In particular, there are a few things you can do that will almost guarantee* you admissions to places even as hallowed as MIT and Caltech: - Score well on a specific math competition. Scoring high on the AIME often guarantees admission. - Score really, really well on any science/math competition. If you're the world winner of the International Biology Olympiad, your chances oif admission are very good. The analogues of this competition in Informatics, Chemistry, Math, and Physics are all great ways to endure your admission. - Go to a prestigious science/math camp like RSI. Note carefully the names I put in above, like "AIME" and "RSI"; they are important. They are especially well-known by top colleges and you should try for those specific programs. Close relatives of the above brands are not the same. (I am not invested in any of the above competitions, for full disclosure.) What Doesn't Matter? Most other items that you associate with standard liberal arts colleges don't matter as much. Orchestra? Debate? Top writer? For engineering schools, these are like flowers outside a restaurant: nice in an ideal candidate, but not what they came for. * All these great schools have admissions rates of around 10% or less. Anything north of 50% is a guarantee in my book with respect to college admissions. As long as you aren'ta total slacker or psycho and don't drop the ball, you'll get in. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is co-founder of PrepScholar. He scored a perfect score on the SAT and is passionate about sharing information with aspiring students. Fred graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor's in Mathematics and a PhD in Economics. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Definition and Examples of the Comparative Degree

Definition and Examples of the Comparative Degree In English grammar, the comparative is the form of an adjective or adverb involving a comparison of more or less, greater or lesser. Comparatives in English are either marked by the suffix -er  (as in the faster bike) or identified by the word more or less (the more difficult job. Almost all  one-syllable  adjectives, along with some two-syllable adjectives, add  -er  to the  base  to form the comparative. In most adjectives of two or more  syllables, the comparative is identified by the word  more  or  less. Test your knowledge by working through this  Exercise in Using the Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives. Examples and Observations We can rebuild. Enlarge the containment field. Make it bigger and stronger than ever! But we need money. -Alfred Molina as Doc Ock in Spider-Man 2, 2004There is no kind of dishonesty into which otherwise good people more easily and frequently fall than that of defrauding the government. -Benjamin FranklinThe stronger the smell of whiskey on him, the kinder and gentler he was with me and my brother. -Harry Crews, A Childhood: The Biography of a Place, 1978There is nothing worse than aggressive stupidity. -Johann Wolfgang von GoetheIn memory, the games seem continuous and the days longer, richer, denser, and emptier than any others in my life. -Pete Hamill, A Drinking Life, 1994I had always wanted to go further, higher, deeper, free myself from the net that held me, but whatever I tried I always ended up back at the same door. -Pierre Reverdy, The Glory of Words, 1953; trans. by Andrew McCulloch, 2011Men have so far treated women like birds who had strayed to them from some height: wil der, stranger, sweeter, and more soulfulbut as something one has to lock up lest it fly away. -Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil Youre a woman after my own heart. Tougher than wagon leather, smarter than spit, and colder than January. -Clark Cable as Dan Kehoe in The King and Four Queens, 1956After a second of shock he had recognized Edgar Demarnay. They had not met for several years. An Edgar grown fatter and grosser and older, but Edgar still, with his big pink boys face and his fat lips and his copious short fluffy hair now pale grey instead of pale gold. -Iris Murdoch, The Sacred and Profane Love Machine, 1974 Comparative Forms There are a few irregular comparative forms, for example good ~ better, bad ~ worse, little ~ less, many/much ~ more, far ~ further. Regular one-syllable gradable adjectives and adverbs form their comparative by adding -(e)r, but for most adjectives and adverbs of more than one syllable it is necessary to add the preceding adverb more (or less for a comparison in the opposite direction), for example more careful, more slowly, less natural. The comparative forms make a series with the base (uninflected) and superlative forms. -Geoffrey Leech, A Glossary of English Grammar. Edinburgh University Press, 2006  Take some more tea, the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly.Ive had nothing yet, Alice replied in an offended tone, so I cant take more.You mean you cant take less, said the Hatter: its very easy to take more than nothing. -Lewis Carroll, Alices Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, 1865A man is usually more careful of his money than he is of his principles. -Ralph Waldo Emerson A solitary, unused to speaking of what he sees and feels, has mental experiences which are at once more intense and less articulate than those of a gregarious man. -Thomas MannNothing wilts faster than laurels that have been rested upon. -Carl RowanThe trouble about trying to make yourself stupider than you really are is that you very often succeed. -C. S. LewisIt is easier to live through someone else than to become complete yourself. -Betty FriedanIt is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than to open it and remove all doubt. -Mark Twain Correlative Forms The constructions formed by the more . . . the more (or -er . . . -er), the less . . . the less, the more . . . the less can be used correlatively to indicate a progressive increase, or decrease, of the quality or process described. Both adjectives and adverbs can occur in the construction: The bigger they are, the harder they fall, dont they? (adj-adv) [BNC KBB 4742]The sooner you forget the whole incident, the better. (adv-adv)Its funny, the more painting you do, the more you realise you dont know. [BNC CCO 344]The more closely I look at the problem, the less clearly I see a solution.(adv-adv) -Angela Downing and Philip Locke, English Grammar: A University Course. Routledge, 2006The more original a discovery, the more obvious it seems afterward. -Arthur Koestler The Lighter Side of Comparatives When Im good, Im very good, but when Im bad, Im better. -Mae West to Cary Grant in Im No Angel, 1933)[W]e did learn some important life lessons from sports. I learned, for example, that even though I was not as big, or fast, or strong, or coordinated as the other kids, if I worked really hardif I gave 100 percent and never quit- I would still be smaller, slower, weaker, and less coordinated than the other kids. -Dave Barry, Ill Mature When Im Dead. Berkley, 2010In one of his shows, [Jack Benny] and his guest star Vincent Price drank some freshly brewed coffee. After savoring a sip, Benny announced, This is the better coffee I ever tasted.Price snapped, You mean the best coffee!Benny snapped back, Theres only two of us drinking it! -Ken Tucker, Kissing Bill OReilly, Roasting Miss Piggy: 100 Things to Love and Hate About TV. Macmillan, 2005Creamy Jif is peanuttier than any other leading creamy brand. Choosy moms choose Jif. -Advertisement for Jif peanut butter, Parents magazine, 2002) He had been looking like a dead fish. He now looked like a deader fish, one of last years, cast up on some lonely beach and left there at the mercy of the wind and tides. -P.G. Wodehouse, Right Ho, Jeeves, 1934 Pronunciation: kom-PAR-a-tiv

Develop a partial risk and mitigation plan Assignment

Develop a partial risk and mitigation plan - Assignment Example These are the malicious programs that are spread via the internet which damage stored information in the computers. High Attack by the malicious programs would lead to loss of information that is stored in the computers which results into a significant loss for the company. The first impact would be loss of documents while the latest would be total crushing of the ICT system. 2 Hacking The ICT students may hack the schools’ accounts, which would lead to loss of information and money. Medium If this happens, the school may lose a lot in terms of cash. This is because hackers can even clear the school fees for students with fees balances First impact may be unsustainable college due to the big losses accrued. The latest impact would be total declaration of bankruptcy of the college. Malicious programs As shown in the table, the risk associated to malicious programs is very likely to occur. Malware such as viruses, bugs and other destructive programs find their way into computers and other memory storage devices. Viruses and worms have been declared a big threat to businesses’ and institutions’ security (Brittson, Oshea & Reyes, 2011.) The last survey that was done for the 1000 fortune companies indicated that cyber crime is the most dangerous crime in businesses and institutions and that can drive an organization into a lot of losses. These disastrous programs have a very high probability of occurrence in the learning institutions. Most of the Universities today do everything online. Establishment of an ICT center would enable students to carry all the assignments and other applications through the internet especially when there is a configuration of WIFI. Since most of the students are in need of the computer facilities, they would be regular in the ICT centers to carry out their research. It is through interaction of students with computers that the ICT laboratories are exposed to the risks. This results from the various memory storage devi ces that the students insert into the computers for instance the flash disks, memory cards, diskettes, external hard drives and hard disks. These storage facilities if infected would lead to infection of the computers in the ICT laboratories. The other way through which the computers could be affected by viruses and worms, is through the downloading of non-genuine files, music, or movies from the internet. If the downloaded document of music is from untrustworthy provider it may be malicious to the stored information in the computers in the ICT center (Clough, 2010). According to Martin & Schell (2004), malware attack is always associated with the loss of information from the computers. This has been witnessed in many businesses and institutions especially in the cases of viruses and worms attack and also the hackers. For instance the attack known as Aurora which happened recently destructed a lot of information in many companies. In this attack, the hackers used techniques that emp loyed a combination of stealth programming and encrypted techniques. Through the use of this technology, the attackers traced the source codes for Adobe, Google and many

Women during the American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Women during the American Revolution - Essay Example Many Indian women favored a British victory since they knew a new American nation would usher in: â€Å"land speculators and settlers into Indian territories and governments that backed unfavorable treaties with threats of military force.† 1 Enslaved women faced an unstable family life and often faced having their children or husbands sold from them. Both the British and Americans viewed slaves as chess pawns rather than genuinely believing in their freedom. In seizing loyalist camps, black women were sold for profit. Black women who served the rebel camps were treated as slaves, used for manual labor, and they were also sold to rebel armies. 2 Many black women also faced fraud and trickery by so-called emancipators who promised freedom. Black women faced assault and starvation from the confusion and chaos of the revolutionary war. Those who were fortunate enough to escape were still bogged down by discrimination and lack of advancement. Those who were not fortunate enough to escape, or remained behind due to fear of their children being hurt or reprisal from British and American camps, remained in perpetual bondage in the south and parts of the north. Free, black women n usually worked as domestic servants and were barred from establishing their own households. In European tradition, a woman's place was in the home, but she retained power and respect in running the home. Through racial and economic oppression, free black women would have no such role in having any measure of power or authority. Such status was traditionally reserved for white women. 3 For white, American women, their roles took a slight shift from strictly domestic house maidens to working in the fields and helping in the shops of male family members. In times of conflict, especially in the outskirts of far settlements, women protected their families and communities when their husbands were away or to simply contribute to protecting their homes.     

The Impact of Discipline in the Behavior of Middle School Students Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Discipline in the Behavior of Middle School Students Essay Abstract: While the impact of discipline on middle school students can vary, it is important to investigate into practices and discipline strategies that have been proposed used and for middle school environments. It is becoming increasingly clear that problem behaviors need to be addressed not only by school staff but by the community. The following review outlines the fundamentals of middle school discipline, the strategies used and the effectiveness of each, as well as how to gauge effective methods. Middle school discipline has been a growing concern among school administration, families of the students and communities for over the past ten years. Many articles have stated that middle school students display the most aggressive behavior of all levels of education as well as having the highest bullying rate and discipline problems. Researchers agree that middle school is a breeding ground for negative behavior due to students desiring to find themselves and a place to fit in. Different methods have been implemented with varying results. Some experts have argued that many methods have not been given ample time frames in order to accurately depict success. However all relevant methods concern prevention, and in many cases intervention, when building a successful disciplinary system and improved behavior among students. Literature found on this subject is innumerable; the present review has two purposes: (a) review a sample of literature for its significance in understanding the discipline process as well as the effects it has on students and (b) reviewing and analyzing methods supported by the authors of said literature. The most prominent authors were George Sugai PhD., Robert H. Homer and Jeffrey Sprague; these authors contributed more several articles on disciplinary methods, some of which will be found in this review. The guidelines used when reviewing articles were if the methods of discipline discussed by the authors provided evidence, statistics and viability. The majority of the reviewed articles were found to be significant contributions for the implementation of disciplinary methods in middle school settings. When reviewing the chosen ten articles, the most commonly agreed theory was the need for improving upon the use of general solutions when dealing with negative behavior; such as, suspension and expulsion. The most significant articles explained the need for proactive programs to deter poor behavior as well as the inclusion of tested and approved methods. The following includes brief reviews of ten chosen articles from scholarly journals, the similarities found as well as opposing points of view and the conclusion of the most relevant findings. School-wide Approach to Discipline   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When evaluating a middle school in terms of its discipline procedures and their effectiveness, many times the particular school will find the need for method when dealing with poor behavior. The authors of all the chosen articles agree that a general approach to discipline does not work.   In A Schoolwide Approach to Student Discipline (Homer, Sugai and Horner, 2000) the authors express the theory of â€Å"a culture of competence† which they explain the importance of being proactive where the school as a whole would foster positive behavior and the expectations of the students to act accordingly. In support of this method several studies such as the High Five Program were discussed, revealing the effectiveness of such programs. Two other theories are expressed, in order to â€Å"address the needs of students at risk of disruptive behavior† the authors suggest that the schools create rapid response methods to support these students and prevent future discipline problems. The third theory is to focus on the students with â€Å"high-intensity problem behaviors†. While I agree with the first two theories, I think it is poor practice to focus on the students with disciplinary problems; while they need support, singling out any student as a problem child could cause further damage. The authors’ goal in writing this article was to persuade readers of the necessity of school-wide methods, where all students and administration are involved in the creation of a safe learning environment. The most informative article was found in Impact journal, the authors of School-wide Positive Behavior Support: Investing in Student Success (Horner, Sugai and Vincent, 2005) were thorough in their research and supporting data. The authors report the increase of problem behaviors among students and the need for building a much needed positive social culture. An extension of the school-wide method the School-wide positive behavior support (SW-PBS) method â€Å"is an approach that begins with a school-wide prevention effort† which â€Å"adds intensive individualized support for those students with more extreme needs†. Building from the theory represented in Sungai and Horners first article, where the need to focus on problem students was expressed, this approach provides high risk students with outlets for intervention. The remainder if this program expresses preventative strategies. What was most informative were the â€Å"five core strategies† of the SW-PBS which include: a) focus on prevention b) teaching appropriate social behavior and skills c) acknowledging appropriate behavior d) Gathering and making use of data about student behavior as a guide for behavior support decisions, and finally, e) investing in the systems that support adults in their implementation of effective practices. This method is becoming prominent, â€Å"2900 schools across 34 states are now implementing or in the process of adopting SW-PBS†, primarily in elementary and middle schools. Translating Research into Effective Practice: The Effects of a Universal Staff and Student Intervention on Indicators of Discipline and School Safety (Sprague, Walker, Golly et al. 2001)The methods examined in this study involve â€Å"†¦a universal intervention package aimed at improving the safety and social behaviors of students in elementary and middle schools. Its goals were to assist schools to provide effective educational services, behavioral supports, and social-behavioral skills teaching to all students in the school†. Like most researchers of modern discipline methods, the authors agree that general and quick solutions have little to no effects on middle school student behavior. By using the Effective Behavioral Support (EBS) Model to evaluate the school’s â€Å"discipline and climate† researchers were able to compare and contrast â€Å"treatment† schools and comparison schools. A very thorough study was performed and the results were consistent with the authors’ objectives, making EBS a viable disciplinary model. A newer method being discussed among schools and education professionals is the family centered approach. Implementing Family-Centered Interventions within the Public Middle School: Linking Service Delivery to Change in Student Problem Behavior (Stormshack, Dishion, Light and Yasui, 2005), discussed the change in preventative discipline from a strictly school setting to a family-centered method. As the authors explain, â€Å"despite the clear link between behavior problems at home and at school, mental health service delivery does not usually cross these settings and provide integrative solutions to problem behaviors.† The authors blame lack of â€Å"appropriate interventions†, school staff being trained and operating on an â€Å"individual model of development and service delivery† and shifts in priorities because of public opinion and policy. This particular article is most sensible. These authors believe children’s’ behaviors displayed in school are representative of their home lifestyles. â€Å"Effective family management skills are critical for preventing the developmental difficulties associated with adolescent problem behaviors†. The authors make reference to several studies supportive of their argument for family-centered interventions. The design of the Family Resource Center by the authors was used in studies to provide support. The results reported were positive. James K. Luiselli, Robert F. Putnam and Michael Sunderland were also supporters of school wide intervention and prevention methods. They did however address one problem occurring with the implementation of school-wide practices. It was their opinion that â€Å"effective schoolwide discipline practices have been designed, but in most cases, intervention efficacy has been evaluated in the short term†. That is reasoning behind the report in Journal of Positive Behaviors; Longitudinal Evaluation of Behavior Support Intervention in a Public Middle School (2002). This short term evaluation presented a problem of accuracy in reporting the usefulness of a certain method. â€Å"This report describes a longitudinal (4-year) evaluation of a behavior support program implemented with the entire student population in a public middle school†. This study was unique in three ways: a) it provided a long term rather than short (usually one year) evaluation b) this study, unlike others reported had included the entire population of a middle school; which in this case was in western Massachusetts and possibly the most unique characteristic of this study, c) â€Å"the procedures developed over the four-year period were solely the product of the staff at the school. There were limits (bias) to this study, such as the primary population came from middle to upper-middle class families; a more valid approach would have been to have samples of students from all classes. However, the program created by the staff was successful as reported by the authors. The staff program entailed a reward system for students behaving by the rules and expectations.   While it would not be this reader’s personal choice of programs, it did work successfully for that particular middle school. Staff Challenges   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What challenges does middle school staff face? The most commonly reported behavioral problem stems from bullying. Since the early 90s, schools have opened their eyes to the devastating effects of bullying. In a self-reported study, researched and reported by David W. McConville and Dewey G. Cornell, the researchers found that the link between aggressive attitudes and aggressive behavior were linked. Their research, found in the Journal of Emotional Behavior Disorders (2003) involved 403 middle school students of a suburban central Virginia school, and reporting via survey their personal â€Å"attitudes towards peer aggression†. Based on the students belief systems, students expressed what they though about bullying, what constitutes bullying and if they have ever fell victim to such students. While bullying is an enormous obstacle in learning institutions, especially middle school, this report was insignificant to the understanding of student aggression. To survey middle school students, who are at the peak of discovering their individuality and alliances with other students, is ludicrous, they can not be expected to answer truthfully for fear of being discovered by fellow students.  Ã‚   A more informative and useful report was found in the January 2006 issue of Middle School Journal. Bullying in Middle Schools: Prevention and Intervention is an in-depth look into the problems of bullying in middle schools. The authors believe that â€Å"school personnel must understand the scope of bullying in the United States as well as characteristics of bullies and victims†.     Both bullies and their victims are at risk of negative futures. The authors are in agreement that â€Å"†¦effective programs are comprehensive, targeting students, schools families and the community. With this theory the authors are combining all relative methods reviewed above. Building awareness, social skills and supportive intervention can improve student behaviors. This article was very informative and thorough in its research. One strategy found in the Middle School Journal relates to a method described in an article found in the Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, Volume 46. Four Pennsylvania teachers created a program to teach middle school students socialization skills and tolerance. With use of a popular, age appropriate novel, Crash, by Jerry Spinelli (1996, Random House), students engaged in an interactive learning experience. Students went beyond reading with role play, journal writing, â€Å"Readers Theatre† and several other activities to learn the moral of the story about the effects of bullying. The results were overwhelmingly positive. This study is relevant to a behavior support system, where staff is showing support to kids, giving them strength to stand up against bullying, while giving bullies an outlet and a way to stop problem behaviors. In theory, by creating â€Å"safe† classrooms, thus a safe school environment, the effects of bullying will decrease. The Middle School Journal depicted a similar anti-bully program, Bullybusters. The same strategy as using a novel, students are encouraged to participate in a play depicting the roles of students against bullying as well as demonstrating the effects of bullying. This too has excellent results. How Do We Know If It’s Working?   Regardless of the method used or the programs implemented, unless there is an accurate documenting process is which to base results on, the methods are useless. Long term school discipline needs to be in place for a positive change to occur; the only way of accomplishing this is to research, experiment and document. Most importantly a study or program use must be in place for more than one year to see accurate results. Using Office Discipline Referral Data for Decision Making about Student Behavior in Elementary and Middle Schools: An Empirical Evaluation of Validity (Irvin, Horner, Ingram, Todd, et al.2006) suggests strategies in which to evaluate the effectiveness of school-wide approach to student discipline. The authors believe that data-based decision making can be beneficial to the social climate of the school and behavior of the students. The authors present an â€Å"empirical study of the validity of one systematic approach to collecting and using such information†, including the information of student behavior when using intervention methods in a school-wide atmosphere. One may question the need for such an extensive report; however, because schools are in need of finding new methods to promote positive behavior and preventative disciplinary measures, it is in the school’s best interest to consider current and relevant studies on method effectiveness. The authors of Using Office Discipline†¦ used surveys and information contained in a â€Å"web-based computer application called SWIS which used for entering, organizing, managing, and reporting office discipline referral data, in order gather information of the effects of School Wide Disciplinary methods. The data provided was useful in determining whether to use a school-wide approach. The study was done locally and surveys can be misleading, the authors admit this, but for its basic purpose as a building block for further studies, it was informative. Terrance M. Scott and Susan B. Barrett suggest using the time spent as staff and student alike when engaged in disciplinary action as a source of evaluation. In Using Staff and Student Time Engaged in Disciplinary Procedures to Evaluate the Impact of School-Wide PBS (2004), the authors describe positive behavior support (PBS) as â€Å"the application of positive behavioral interventions and systems to achieve social change†. Tracking time and money spent on disciplinary actions is a useful technique in evaluating the effectiveness of a program, this is displayed in studies and statistical data provided by the authors; the results were, for the most part, positive, however the overall evaluation process is in itself time consuming. Conclusion The methods for middle school discipline are numerous, as research has shown, regardless of the method chosen, to have the best effect on the students a school must approach discipline as a school-wide process. After analyzing the above literature, it is clear that a disciplinary model must be used long-term and be followed with an appropriate evaluation. The most appropriate methods, in my opinion, were ones in which used interactive tools, such as a book or play, to engage students in positive behavior. It is clear that the old methods of general discipline have become obsolete. Communities, school staff and researchers have realized the need for a change in the school environment, especially middle schools, which are the highest rated institute for behavioral and disciplinary problems. References Barone, B., Kearns, J., Quinn, K., Stackhouse, S., Zimmerman, M., (2003). Using a Novel Unit to Help Understand and Prevent Bullying in Schools: Bullying Affects Most Children. Reading Activities Helped Middle School Students Become More Aware of This Serious Issue. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 46, 582+. Retrieved October 13, 2006 from Questia database. Boland, J., Horner, R., Ingram, K., Irvin, L., Sampson, N., Sugai, G., Todd, A., (2006). Using Office Discipline Referral Data for Decision Making about Student Behavior in Elementary and Middle Schools: An empirical Evaluation of Validity. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 8, 10+. Retrieved October 10, 2006 from Questia database. Homer, H., Horner, R., Sugai, G., (2000). A Schoolwide Approach to Student Discipline. School Administrator, 57, 20. Retrieved October 12, 2006 from Questia database. Horner, R., Sugai, G., Vincent, C., (2005). School-wide Positive Behavior Support: Investing in Student Success. Impact, Retrieved October 9, 2006 from http://ici.umn.edu/products/impact/182/over2.html Luiselli, J., Putnam, R., Sunderland, M., (2002). Longitudinal Evaluation of Behavioral Support Intervention in a Public Middle School. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 4, 182+. Retrieved October 13, 2006 from Questia database. McConville, D.W., Cornell, D., (2003). Aggressive Attitudes Predict Aggressive Behavior in Middle School Students. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 11, Iss. 3, 1. Retrieved October 10, 2006 from Questia database. Milson, A., Gallo, L., (2006) Bullying in Middle Schools: Prevention and Intervention. Middle School Journal, 37, 12-19. Retrieved October 12, 2006 from http://www.nmsa.org/Publications/MiddleSchoolJournal/Articles/January2006/Article2/tabid/693/Default.aspx Scott, T., Barrett, S., (2004). Using Staff and Student Time Engaged in Disciplinary Procedures to Evaluate the Impact of School-Wide PBS. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 6, 21+. Retrieved October 9, 2006 from Questia database. Sprague, J., Walker, H., Golly, A., White, K., Myers, D., Shannon, T., (2001). Translating Research into Effective Practice: The Effects of a Universal Staff and Student Intervention on Indicators of Discipline and School Safety. Education Treatment of Children, 24, 495+. Retrieved October 10, 2006 from Questia database. Stormshak, E., Dishion, T., Light, J., Yasui, M., (2005). Implementing Family-Centered Interventions Within the Public Middle School: Linking Service Delivery to Change in Student Problem Behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33, 723+. Retrieved October 15, 2006 from Questia database.

Comparing Christian Liberty, Utopia, and The Prince Essay examples --

Christian Liberty, Utopia, and The Prince    "A Christian is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none...A Christian is a perfectly dutiful servant to all, subject to none." (Luther Pg. 7) These lines show what Luther is truly about. In Christian Liberty, Luther believes in the reestablishing of God as the inner authority. In Utopia, Thomas More believes the power should be in one group and that the rest of the common people in the society should all be equal like a communist society. In The Prince, Machievelli believes that the power is within the prince. I choose Christian Liberty as the best form of authority because it is the closest to being an honest and true way of authority. Although none of the books portray ideal authority, Christian Liberty is the closest to describing the best authority out of the three because of the emphasis on a moral society with less corruption, a reformation in the people's spiritual selves and less concentration of wealth in the hands of the religious hierarchy in society so t hat it would become more of an egalitarian society. In Christian Liberty, Martin Luther portrays the corruption in the church and in the government and explains how this could all be solved with the reformation of the spirit self being ruled by God as an all-powerful force. "Therefore we must also preach the word of grace and the promise of forgiveness by which faith is taught and aroused. Without this word of grace the works of the law, contrition, penitence, and all the rest are done and taught in vain." (Luther page 27). In this quote Luther says that you need to have a spiritual relationship in order to repent for your sins and to do good works otherwise your good works mean nothing t... ...g of the scriptures and writings of God. Martin Luther with his system of authority based around a personal understanding of The Bible is better then The Prince who uses the rule of the one and Utopia's rule of the few. Works Cited: Jones, W. T. Masters of Political Thought. Ed. Edward, McChesner, and Sait. Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947. Luther, Martin "Martin Luther's Treatise on Christian Liberty [Freedom of a Christian]." Christian Liberty. Trans. W. A. Lambert. Fortress Press, 1957. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Trans. Hill Thompson. Norwalk: The Easton Press, 1980. More, Sir Thomas. Utopia: A New Translation, Backgrounds, Criticism. Ed. and trans. Robert M. Adams. Toronto: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1988. Nelson, William, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Utopia. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.

Maslows Theory

Maslow’s Motivational Theory By Tammy McNiel Everest University Abstract In this paper I will describe how to solve problems within a company using Maslow’s theory. I will also describe in this paper how using Maslow’s theory differs from Herzberg’s and McGregor’s theory. ? How would you solve this problem using Maslow’s motivational theory? I would solve this problem using Maslow’s motivational theory by implementing team work so that the workers feel they are part of a team and not by their selves.I would do this by planning team events. I would put the workers in teams and maybe does some competition work so they have goals to reach and then award prizes. I would also plan company picnics and outings so everybody can get acquainted and feel like it is more of a team and family oriented work environment. Instead of just one person, the manager making all the decisions, I would ask the employees their input on how they might think thi ngs could be better and improve their work place.I think this would make them feel like they are part of the company instead of just a place where they had to be to get paid but a place they like to be and enjoy, and I think this would improve their work at the company. I think with the employees getting to know each other by doing team activities and company oriented picnics for the employees and their families and making them feel like they belong will improve the workforce at their company. How would that differ from using Herzberg’s and McGregor’s theory?I think this would differ from Herzberg’s and McGregor’s theory because to me their theories seem to be about the manager making all the decisions and not giving the employees any input in on anything to do with the company. It is all one controlled environment and it is done by the higher up, meaning the managers. I think with Maslow’s theory the employees have more of a say so and feel like t hey are part of the company and in return the work output will be a lot better. References Understanding Business Tenth Addition Nickels, McHugh and McHugh

A Modest Proposal: Cannibalism

I feel that Jonathan Swift’s piece of work could be used and interpreted different with each and all audiences alike. There is a whole bunch of information to interpret. How Swift, looks at children not as individuals, but as animals used to be sold to the rich as food. Swift’s work is very dark in this piece, with regard to selling of children for food. And with regards to Ireland’s economic advancements actually depend on it. He urges all other people to think that children could be sold in different styles and makes mention of how they could be prepared as a fine food dish. Swift’s states, â€Å"A young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee, or a ragoust. † Now normally if I can’t pronounce it I don’t use it or order it to eat, but these last two ways of preparing the children as food sounds as if a dish the rich would order. To me it sounds like Swift has rather expensive taste for lavish habits and tendencies. I think we can almost compare life in Ireland back then to today. All though there aren’t people selling their children to have the rich feast on their bones, or do I think it will come to that but it is close to our nation’s economic struggle. Our economy wouldn’t allow the selling of children of children to feed the rich. I do believe Ireland was in a lot worse shape than we currently are. They had no renewable resources such as fruits and vegetables to fall back on the way we do. They also didn’t have the amount of import and export trade that we have on our side. Swift constantly throughout his story states that selling the children to the rich is the only solution to the countries hard economic times. He even talks that all the families should consider fattening up the smaller children. Also Swift also makes mention of overpopulation and well makes a suggested solution to this crisis. He proclaims that children at the age of one can be sold to meat markets, thus helping the crisis of over population and in turn saving the parents of the children the cost of raising and providing for that child. Parents, who participated in this crazy idea, would pull the nation out of its current economic struggle. And that’s not all he then talks about how parents who helped out with his proposal how it would affect home life. Husbands would grow to respect wives better. What? I don’t know at all how this could possibly be something that could have a positive impact on a family what so ever. I think that Swift tries to persuade his readers that this is the only option for Ireland and its survival, in a dog eat dog world. He then starts stating statistics, he mentions of 120,000 some Irish children born in a year, that 20,000 should be kept for breeding and the continuance of the Irish legacy. And what’s even better is that a quarter of these choosing few, are to be males, are you serious 5,000 boys and the rest girls. This brings a question to my mind, what was the deciding factor that kept the child to be raised or sold. What tops the cake once more is that he says one boy for a total of four girls. I believe this contradicts his husband respecting the whole wife thing early in the paper. Swift goes on later to explain the idea of cannibalism should not stop at children, but instead its countries enemies, or even political figures. The idea of a nation such as Ireland cannibalizing its own population and natural resources sickens me. I would bat an eye at the thought of eating my son, or selling him off to the butcher to be slaughtered and sold. Swift goes on in this story to talk of common practices and courtesies. He talks that if Irish poor are to be married, and have a family, the family should refrain from domestic violence in and throughout the family, and love and cherish family. I serious think that this guy had dual personalities, he so many different stories to each situation. Possibly he was bi-polar or maybe he used some opium or something of that nature. I don’t think Swift had financial problems what so ever. Swift goes on in his work and states that he admits that this will drastically reduce the Irish population, but other nations should not practice this idea in their cultures. He considers it a â€Å"healthy patriotism†, and goes on to say that the children that are to be butchered should stay domestically and not be exported. This would keep other nations from wanting to overtake the Irish population and decimate the whole society and Irish culture. In Jonathan Swift’s work you can tell he is rather upset with Ireland’s politicians and the wealthy. You can also see that he is upset at the general population of the poor. He is angry at the poor population because they have made no plans or have no intentions to get out of the downward spiral their country is in. I wonder if he wrote this piece as a way of making the general population consider in participating in cannibalization, as an act to blow the whistle in a sense to make the politicians act on the current situation at hand in their times.

Television News essays

Television News essays How important is it for people to watch the television news? It is very important for people to watch the television news because the news helps people keep up with the events around the world, and the news lets people be aware of what happen in our society. I personally do not like to watch the news because I think it is a boring program, and it is a waste of time to watch its. But my father is the opposite from I am because every morning at 7 oclock, he always watches the CNN Headline News or the Fox News before he goes to work. I always wondered in my mind what it is about the news that he likes so much. But after I had read the essay, Amusing Ourselves to Death, Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business by Neil Postman, now I understand the desire or the entertainment contains in the news that attracts my father and many other television newss viewers. But in order for television newss viewers not to be misleading by the news shows, they must be aware of the difference b etween the news and the entertainments. Or whether, the entertainment source with the news component or the news source with the entertainment component. The importance step that newss viewers must pay attention to when they watch the news is what types of stories that the news shows represent. According to Neil Postman, when the news show represents the disaster stories they had not taken it seriously, and it is all about fun. He declared that, This is why even on news shows which provide us daily with fragments of tragedy and barbarism, we are argued by the newscasters to join them tomorrow. What for? One would think that several minutes of murder and mayhem would suffice as material for a month of sleepless nights. We accept the newscasters invitation because we know that the news is not to be taken seriously, that it is all in fun, so to say. Everything about a news show tells u...

Buenos Aries essays

Buenos Aries essays The capital of the country, Buenos Aires is also Argentina's leading city in population, commerce, and industry. It is located near the Atlantic Ocean coast, on the broad Rà ­o de la Plata, an estuary at the mouth of the Paran and Paraguay rivers. The early Spanish colonists named the city for the "good winds" that brought them to the port. Today about 10 million people live in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area, one of the largest in the world. The city proper makes up a federal district, and its mayor is appointed by the nation's president. The city is not a part of Buenos Aires province, which surrounds it. Greater Buenos Aires is made up of many settlements that grew together. The oldest European center lay in the neighborhood of the present Plaza de Mayo, a large plaza in the downtown area. Streets in the city were laid out according to a grid pattern described in the Cdigo de las Indias, a legal document followed by the Spaniards in settling the Western Hemisphere. The original grid is today surrounded by Balcarce, 25 de Mayo, Viamonte, Libertad, Salta, and Estados Unidos streets. Growth of the city first followed the high elevations, along which ox- and horse-drawn two-wheeled carretas carried freight and which the modern main avenues and the rail lines also follow. The most recent developments in the city are the industrial sectors that extend from the old center southward, such as Dock Sud, La Boca, Barracas, Pinero, and Lanà ºs. The Paran River plays an important role in the life of Buenos Aires. Oranges, grapefruit, cherries, plums, and vegetables are raised in its delta area. Vacation housing is widespread, and on weekends thousands of people fill the area to engage in recreational activities. The Paran not only provides recreation, but also links the hinterlands with Buenos Aires and supplies water to the population. ...